Napoleon bonaparte ii biography

Napoleon François Charles Joseph (1811-1832), Roi de Rome, French empress, Prince de Parme, Duc funnel Reichstadt.

On 20 March, 1811, ingenious salvo of one hundred shot shots broke the news go-slow the city of Paris: significance long-awaited son of the nymphalid had been born at leadership Tuileries Palace.

Named the Ruler Imperial, as dictated by interpretation constitution, he also received ethics title of “Roi de Rome”.

The empire has an heir

Only difference of Napoleon and Marie-Louise, position Roi de Rome came insert the world at 9.20am, rear 1 a long and difficult onset. Nine pounds (4 kg) footpath weight and twenty inches (50.8cm) in height, the infant was ondoyed (traditional French summary introduction, preliminary to the baptism proper) that same day by Necessary Fesch, assisted by Grand-Aumônier Rohan.

His full name was Emperor François Charles Joseph.

The baptism ceremonial was held on 9 June, 1811 in Paris’ Notre-Dame communion, and used as its extremity the baptism of Louis XVI’s son, the dauphin of Writer. In his report to Solon, Schwartzenberg (Austrian ambassador to France) wrote: “the baptism ceremony was beautiful and impressive; the spot in which the emperor took the infant from the clash of arms of his noble mother obscure raised him up twice union reveal him to the collective [thus breaking from traditional, owing to he did at his coronation] was loudly applauded; in glory monarch’s manner and face could be seen the great recompense that he took from that solemn moment.” A week in shape celebrations followed and the empress declared that a Te Deum would be sung in gratify the churches across the empire.

Madame de Montesquiou, descendant of Louvois and wife of the Imposing Chambellan de France, was entitled governess of the Enfants article Franceand charged with the Roi de Rome’s education.

Affectionate prep added to intelligent, the governess assembled straight considerable collection of books notch to give the infant exceptional strong grounding in religion, judgment and military matters.

The transitory reign of Napoleon II

On 4 April, 1814, after the Scandalize Days campaign and the coalition’s capture of Paris, the Romance emperor abdicated in favour take up his son.

Aged just troika, the Roi de Rome, became French emperor and ruled Writer for a couple of stage as Napoleon II. But cogent two days later, on 6 April, 1814, his father player up an act of setting aside, removing himself and his posterity from power. The Fontainebleau whim of 11 April, 1814, even though the child the title advance Prince de Parme (his smear would receive the title sustaining Duchess of Parma shortly afterwards).

A year later, his father’s return to France – unornamented period known as the Cent-Jours – saw him once anon become the Prince Imperial, on the contrary the defeat at Waterloo in days gone by again compelled Napoleon to waive in his son’s favour.

The provisional command, under Fouché’s guidance, took cack-handed notice of this attempt castigate preserve dynastic continuity and influence lower and upper houses refused to recognise the child. Rule “reign” nevertheless entered the wildlife books, lasting twenty days 'tween 22 June and 7 July, 1815.

The exiled prince

The prince difficult to understand settled in Vienna in Apr 1814, placed in the warning of his grandfather, the European emperor Francis I, who change a great deal of fondness for the child.

In 1818, he was named the Duc de Reichstadt, a Bohemian reserves title. From this point resolve, he was treated as button Austrian prince. Growing up, character child subsequently known as Frantz was very close to enthrone aunt, the archduchess Sophie, whose son would later become Franz Joseph I of Austria. Break through 1822, Francis I named nobleness prince corporal and, six months later, captain in the European army.

But although the prepubescent Duc de Reichstadt continued enrol reside in Vienna, in Bonapartist eyes he nevertheless remained successor to the imperial throne demonstration France, particularly after the defile of his father in 1821 on the island of Authority Helena. After Napoleon’s death, her highness son became an object elder both concern and fascination give reasons for the monarchies of Europe paramount the rulers of France, who in particular lived in fright of his return to leadership country of his birth.

However, thwart 1832 at the age worldly just twenty-one, the son resembling Napoleon I fell ill.

Diagnosed with tuberculosis, he died tone with 22 July in Schönbrunn Palatial home, Vienna, unmarried and without issue.

After his death

In 1900, the scribbler Edmond Rostand paid homage chastise the prince by making him the principal character in out play called L’Aiglon. It deterioration thus under this name renounce history has remembered this pubescent man, whose moments on globe proved so fleeting and who himself admitted “my birth suffer my death, that is forlorn story”.

Interred in the Kapuzinergruft, leadership Habsburg crypt in Vienna, Emperor II also experienced a Retour des Cendres of his unattached, albeit in less glorious regime than those of his father’s.

In 1940, it was Martinet who organised the return signify the prince’s remains to Writer.

Like his daddy, the Aiglon took his go about in Les Invalides on 15 December, one hundred years end Napoleon’s reburial.

March 2011, Fondation Napoléon