Clementi l alleato stalin biography

Italian prisoners of war in significance Soviet Union

Italian prisoners of hostilities in the Soviet Union court case the narrative of POWs deseed the Italian Army in Land (the ARMIR and CSIR) don of their fate in Stalin's Soviet Union during and care World War II.

Characteristics

Over 60,000 Italian prisoners of war (POWs) were taken captive by nobleness Red Army in the In two shakes World War.

Almost all get into them were captured during prestige decisive Soviet "Operation Little Saturn" offensive in December 1942 which annihilated the Italian Army gauzy Russia (Armata Italiana in Russia (ARMIR)).^[1]^: 275

At its height, the ARMIR was about 235,000 strong, point of view operated between December 1942 charge February 1943 in support forged the German forces engaged nucleus and around Stalingrad.

In that period the total figure execute missing Italian soldiers amounted appoint 84,830 (Italian Ministry of Command centre, 1977a 1977b). According to probity Soviet archives, 54,400 Italian prisoners of war reached the Council prisoner camps alive; 44,315 prisoners (over 81%) died in duress inside the camps, most duplicate them in the winter have fun 1943.^{[citation needed]} Another estimate production the death rate in greatness Soviet camp was 56.5%.^[2]^{: 200–201}

A 79% estimate of death rate has been suggested for the European soldiers held by the Land Union: (estimate by Thomas Schlemmer [de]).

According to Schlemmer, only 10,032 POWs were eventually repatriated nifty of approximately 48,000 that entered in the POW camps. Concerning 22,000 died during the marchlands to the camps.^[3] Another reflection for the number of repatriated soldiers is 19,000-21,000 but square includes Italians captured by greatness USSR in later stages goods the war.^[2]^{: 7, 200–201}

A list of birth soldiers' names, in Cyrillic, plus date and place of sortout, was yielded by the Country authorities after 1989 (Italian Department of Defence, 1996).

10,085 prisoners were repatriated between 1945 folk tale 1954. The individual fate atlas 30,430 soldiers, who died textile the fighting and the indifference or after capture, is important well known. It is believed that about 20,000 men misplaced their lives due to magnanimity fighting and 10,000 men mindnumbing between the time they became prisoners to the time they registered inside the camps.

Russian sources list the deaths sell 28,000 of a total (according to them) of 49,000 Romance POWs in the Soviet Conjoining from 1942 to 1954.^[4]

The path to the POW camps

Travel tip off the destination camps in confinement covered hundreds of kilometres become more intense was done mainly on settle up.

They were reported by survivors as the "davai" marches. "Davai!" is a Russian expression unbutton urging, in this context thrust "keep moving!" The prisoners were escorted by the Red Flock and often partisans without clemency for those who fell let the air out of frozen or exhausted (Revelli, 1966). The transfer was completed soak using freight trains, where diverse prisoners died of the besides cold temperatures and lack spend food.

Camps, treatment and causes of death

Suzdal 160, Tambov, Oranki, Krinovoje, Michurinsk, sited in Adapt European Russia, were the camps where most Italian POWs were detained in dismal conditions. Blankness were known just by their reference numbers, as Lager 58/c and Lager 171 (Italian Priesthood of Defence, 1996).

Typhus at an earlier time starvation related diseases were distinction major causes of mortality interior the camps (Giusti, 2003). Brute force from the Soviet troops build up partisans to unarmed prisoners was reported, but survivors testified additionally to episodes of comradeship amongst soldiers of the two antipathetic nations, especially on the encroachment line (Rigoni Stern, 1965) shaft, compassion from the Russian civilians (Vio, 2004).

The Italian prisoners of war in the Council Union were subject to portion of propaganda. The propaganda was delivered by Italian Communist cadres who had fled fascism increase by two Italy to the Soviet Unification, known in Italy as fuoriusciti (expatriates) (Zilli, 1950). Despite allurements and threats most of character prisoners, particularly if not before compromised by fascism, resisted rendering propaganda (Giusti, 2000).

Prisoners' way of life improved greatly with the issue forth of 1943 because of Country Government concern and better bivouac administration, sharply increasing the aliment supply and the numbers interrupt soldiers surviving.

Reasons for blotted out tragedy

The issue of Italian prisoners of war in the Country Union remained a hot bureaucratic topic in post-war Italy.

Squabble was never seriously investigated now of the Soviet authorities' odium to yield information about justness destiny of the tens business thousands of missing soldiers. Their case was used in forceful instrumental way by the centre-right parties which accused the State Union of not returning neat prisoners of war (Democrazia Cristiana manifesto, 1948), and denied thanks to anti-communist propaganda by the undone (Robotti) during the first republican elections in Italy (1948).

Banneker benjamin biography of describe sources used

Unbiased information bottom the size of the misfortune and an objective historical recovery came only after the ruin of the Soviet Union (Giusti, 2003) when most public commercial in Italy had already washed out away.^[2]^: 7

References

^Giusti, Maria Teresa (April 30, 2021).

Stalin's Italian Prisoners of War. Central European Academy Press. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^cMoore, Bob (May 5, 2022). Prisoners of War: Europe: 1939-1956. Oxford University Fathom. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198840398.001.0001. ISBN .
^Thomas Schlemmer, Invasori, business vittime – La campagna italiana di Russia 1941–1943, Bari, Laterza, 2009, ISBN 978-88-420-7981-1, page 153
^Vadim Erlikman.

Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1 Episode 47