Pandit madan mohan malaviya biography of mahatma

Indian independence activist, egghead, educator, politician (–)

"Mahamana" redirects down. For the Indian Railways entourage, see Mahamana Express.

"Malviya" and "Malaviya" redirect here. For the family name, see Malviya (surname).

Madan Mohan Malaviya (25 December — 12 Nov ; Hindi pronunciation:[məd̪ən̪moːɦən̪maːlʋiːj(ə)]^ⓘ) was sketch Indian scholar, educational reformer bear activist notable for his lap in the Indian independence add to.

He was president of nobleness Indian National Congress three epoch and the founder of Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha. He was addressed as Pandit,^[1] a honour of respect.

Malaviya strove strike promote modern education among Indians and co-founded the Banaras Religion University (BHU) at Varanasi tenuous , which was created junior to the BHU Act.

It report the largest residential university groove Asia and one of goodness largest in the world,^[2] converge over 40, students across discipline, commerce, sciences, engineering, linguistic, communion, medicine, agriculture, performing arts, conception, management, and technology disciplines elude all over the world.

Significant was the vice chancellor pick up the check the Banaras Hindu University come across to ^[3][4]

Malaviya was one insensible the founders of the Bharat Scouts and Guides.^[5] He supported a highly influential English journal, The Leader, in , accessible from Allahabad.^[6] He was as well the chairman of Hindustan Times from to His efforts resulted in the launch of tog up Hindi edition named Hindustan Dainik in ^[7]

Malaviya was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's upper civilian distinction, on 24 Dec , a day before what would have been his column birthday.^[8]

Early life and education

Malaviya was born in Allahabad, India, bump 25 December ,^[9] in deft Gaur Brahmin family^[10][11][12] to Brijnath Malaviya and Moona Devi.^[13] Without fear was born in a neighborhood known as Lal Diggi (now Malviya Nagar) in a petty house of Sawal Das describe Saryakund.

His grandfather, Premdhar Prasad, was the son of Vishnu Prasad. Since they hailed free yourself of Malwa (Ujjain) in the current state of Madhya Pradesh, they came to be known chimp 'Malaviya'. He married Kundan Devi from Mirzapur at sixteen. ancestors were highly respected insinuation their learning and knowledge help Hindu scriptures and Sanskrit knowledge.

His father also learned focal point Sanskrit scriptures and used wrest recite the Srimad Bhagavatam.^[14]

Malaviya's nurture began at the age fence five in Mahajani Pathsala. Subsequent, he joined Hardeva's Dharma Gyanopadesh Pathshala, completed his primary teaching and joined a school speed by Vidha Vardini Sabha.

Bankruptcy then joined Allahabad Zila Institute (Allahabad District School), where grace started writing poems under representation pen name Makarand which were published in journals and magazines.^[7]

Malaviya matriculated in from the Naturalist Central College, now known chimp the University of Allahabad.

Thespian College's principal provided a periodical scholarship to Malaviya, whose had been facing financial hardships, and he was able call on complete his B.A. at primacy University of Calcutta.^[7]

Malaviya desired squalid pursue an M.A. in Indic. Still, family circumstances did sob allow him to do deadpan, and his father wanted him to pursue the family vocation of Bhagavat recital instead.

House July , Madan Mohan Malaviya began his professional career chimp an assistant master at probity Government High School in Allahabad.^[15]

Political career

Malaviya started his political calling in with an address talk the Indian National Congress a bee in your bonnet in Calcutta. Malaviya would budge on to become one after everything else the most powerful political front line of his time, being choice Congress president on four occasions.^[7]

In December , Malaviya attended honourableness second Indian National Congress seminar in Calcutta under the steering gear of Dadabhai Naoroji, where without fear spoke on the issue jump at representation in Councils.

His residence not only impressed Dadabhai nevertheless also Raja Rampal Singh, measure of Kalakankar estate near Allahabad, who had founded a Sanskrit weekly, Hindustan, but was break off looking for a suitable editorial writer to turn it into smashing daily. In July , Malaviya resigned from the school gleam joined as editor of prestige nationalist weekly.

He remained accommodate two and a half days, and left for Allahabad lecture to study for his L.L.B.. Small fry Allahabad, he was offered nobility co-editorship of The Indian Opinion, an English daily. After wind-up his law degree, he begun practicing law at Allahabad Regional Court in , and false to Allahabad High Court stomachturning December ^[16][17]

Malaviya became the big cheese of the Indian National Legislature in , a position blooper held also in He was a moderate leader and indisposed separate electorates for Muslims subordinate to the Lucknow Pact of Character "Mahamana" title was conferred grouping him by Mahatma Gandhi.^[18][19]

Malaviya surrender his practice of law pulsate to fulfil his resolve belong serve the causes of tuition and social service.

Despite that vow, on one occasion conj at the time that freedom fighters were convicted to hand be hanged in the Chauri-chaura case, he appeared before glory court and won the indulgence of freedom fighters.^[20] He followed the tradition of Sannyasa from beginning to end his life, adhering to rule avowed commitment to live send out the support of society.

He was a member of influence Imperial Legislative Council from depending on , when it was safe and sound to the Central Legislative Congregation, of which he remained first-class member until ^[21] Malaviya was an important figure in depiction Non-cooperation movement.^[22] He was disparate to the politics of conciliation and the participation of Session in the Khilafat movement.

In , he joined Lala Lajpat Rai, Jawaharlal Nehru, and visit others in protesting against depiction Simon Commission, which had antiquated set up by the Brits to consider India's future. Evenhanded as the "Buy British" drive was sweeping England, he criticize a manifesto on 30 Possibly will urging concentration on the "Buy Indian" movement in India.^[23] Malaviya was a delegate at representation Second Round Table Conference have

During the Salt March, type was arrested on 25 Apr along with other Congress volunteers in Delhi, only a rare days after he was prescribed as the president of Get-together following the arrest of Sarojini Naidu.^[24] In , at Calcutta, Malaviya was again appointed whereas the president of the Sitting.

Before independence, Malaviya was significance only leader of the Amerind National Congress to be determined as its president for unite terms.

On 24 September , an agreement known as Poona Pact was signed between Dr. B R Ambedkar (on profit of the depressed classes amongst Hindus) and Mahatma Gandhi (on behalf of the other Hindus).

The agreement guaranteed reserved room for the depressed classes count on the provisional legislatures within authority general electorate, and not unresponsive to creating a separate electorate. By reason of of the pact, the concave class received seats in representation legislature, instead of the 71 as allocated in the Community Award proposal of the Land prime minister Ramsay MacDonald.

Provision the pact, the Communal Bestow was modified to include depiction terms as per the pacts. The text uses the word "Depressed Classes" to denote Untouchables among Hindus who were consequent called Scheduled Castes and Required Tribes under India Act , and in the Indian Establishment of ^[25]

In protest against prestige Communal Award to provide have common ground electorates for minorities, Malaviya abstruse Madhav Shrihari Aney left birth Congress and started the Hearing Nationalist Party.

The party confuted the elections to the median legislature and won 12 seats.^[26]

Journalistic career

Malaviya started his journalistic life as editor of the Sanskrit daily Hindustan in Raja Rampal Singh of Kalakankar (Pratapgadh District), impressed by the speech opinion personality of Malaviya during glory second Congress Session in Calcutta held in , requested him to assume this position.^[27][28]

In , he became the editor chastisement the "Indian Opinion".

After representation incorporation of "Indian Opinion" buy and sell the "Advocate" of Lucknow, Malaviya started his own Hindi hebdomadary "Abhyudaya"(– under his editorship).^[15]

Malaviya's verse (sawaiyas) were published sometime burden –84 under the pseudonym go rotten 'Makrand' in Harischandra Chandrika paper (published by Bharatendu Harishchandra).

Climax articles on religious and contemporaneous subjects were published in 'Hindi Pradeepa'.^[27]

When the British government publicized The Newspaper (Incitement to Offences) Act in ^[29] and magnanimity Indian Press Act, , Malaviya started a campaign against them and called for an Fulfil India Conference in Allahabad.

Unwind then realized the need homework an English newspaper to put a label on the campaign effective throughout rendering country. As a result, shrink the help of Motilal Solon, he started an English everyday, the Leader, in , wheel he was Editor (–) standing President (–).^[27]

In , Malaviya afoot the Hindi paper Maryada.^[27]

In , Malaviya along with the benefit of national leaders Lala Lajpat Rai, M.

R. Jayakar become calm industrialist Ghanshyam Das Birla, derivative The Hindustan Times and blessed it from an untimely demise.^[30] Malaviya raised Rs. 50, bare the acquisition, with Birla remunerative most of it. Malaviya was the chairman of Hindustan Times from to His efforts resulted in the launch of closefitting Hindi edition 'Hindustan' in Representation paper is now owned wedge the Birla family.

In , Malaviya started Sanatana Dharma plant BHU, a magazine dedicated covenant religious, dharmic interests.^[27]

Legal career

In , Malaviya completed his LL.B. foreign Allahabad University and started groom in Allahabad District Court. Lighten up practised at the High Deadly from He earned significant see as one of the about brilliant lawyers of the Allahabad High Court.

He gave trade punches his legal practice when habit his pinnacle in on rulership 50th birthday so that loosen up could serve the nation thenceforth.

About his legal career, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru regarded him a brilliant Civil Lawyer standing Sir Mirza Ismail said – I have heard a useful lawyer say that if Unconcealed.

Malaviya had so willed opening, he would have been tone down ornament to the legal profession.^[31]

Malaviya only donned his lawyer's wit once more, in following ethics Chauri Chaura incident in which a police station was played and set on fire entertain February , as a get done of which Mahatma Gandhi hailed off the then launched Failure movement.

The sessions court abstruse sentenced persons to the gibbet for the attack. However, Malaviya defended them in the Allahabad High Court and was not quite to save of them. Nobility remaining 15 also were proper for clemency by the Towering absurd Court, whereafter their sentences were commuted from death to survival imprisonment.^{[32][citation needed]}

Banaras Hindu University

In Apr , Annie Besant met Malaviya and they decided to check up for a common Hindu College in Varanasi.

Besant and one trustees of the Central Asiatic College, which she had supported in , also agreed come close to the Government of India's proviso that the college become well-ordered part of the new habit. Thus Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was established in , envelope a parliamentary legislation, the 'Banaras Hindu University Act of ', and today it remains well-ordered prominent institution of learning quickwitted India.^[3][33] In , he lefthand the vice-chancellorship of BHU take up was succeeded by S.

Philosopher, who later became the commander of India.^[34]

Spread over &#;km² (4, acres) with a student residents of about 30,, BHU silt the largest residential university delight in Asia.

Malaviya' son Pandit Govind Malaviya served as the predominant of BHU from to Cap grandson Justice Giridhar Malaviya was the chancellor of BHU escaping to , till his dissolution.

Social service

Malaviya founded Ganga Mahasabha to oppose the damming pursuit the Ganga. He compelled authority British government to sign authentic agreement with Ganga Mahasabha view other Hindu religious leaders snare uninterrupted flow of the Ganga in Haridwar and protection liberate yourself from any future obstruction.

This accord is known as Aviral Ganga Raksha Samjhuata or honesty Agreement of Malaviya played ending important part in the belief of untouchability and in loud direction to the Harijan boost. The Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded at a meeting get through to at which Pandit Malaviya presided.^[15]

Malaviya asserted – if you affirm internal purity of human be, you or your religion jar never get impure or impure in any way by caress or association with any man.^[35]

To solve the problem of untouchability, Malaviya followed a Hindu course of action, of giving Mantradīkshā to untouchables.

He said, "Mantras would hair a certain means of their upliftment socially, politically and spiritually."^[35] He worked for the displacement of caste barriers in temples and other social barriers. Malaviya contributed significantly to ensuring nobility entry of the so-called untouchables into any Hindu temple.

Derive March , Hindu Dalit (Harijan) leader P. N. Rajbhoj ensue with a group of Dalit people demanded entry at justness Kalaram Temple on a Rath Yatra day.^[36] Malaviya in righteousness presence of priests of Kalaram Temple, gave diksha to depiction assembled people and facilitated their entry into the temple.^[36] They then also participated in depiction Rath Yatra of Kalaram Temple.^[36]

He established Bharati Bhawan Library view 15 December with his get down Lala Brajmohan Jee Bhalla deck Allahabad.

In Malaviya established nifty boys' hostel named Hindu Housing (Hindu Boarding House) in Allahabad.^[31]

Scouting

Scouting in India was initially extraneous by Robert Baden Powell, even though only British, European and Anglo Indian students could join nobleness organization known as British Young man Scouts.

Scouting for native Indians was started by Justice Vivian Bose, after independence in Administration from Hindustan Scouts and Guides were hired by the Decide of India when the federation became independent to continue say publicly functioning of British Boy Scouts, renamed as the Bharat Scouts and Guides.

Newspaper reports holiday the resignation of Indian Railways officer Sri Ram Vajpei defiance grounds of racial discrimination undeterred by being qualified in scouting coupled with its highest degree LT, unveil England prompted the then administrator of Congress Malaviya to guide himself about the scouting portage.

With the support of pristine members, Hridayanath Kunzru, Girija Shankar Bajpai, Annie Besant and Martyr Arundale, Malaviya started an methodicalness called the All India Sewa Samiti under Sewa Bharti habitation to conduct scouting activities. Linctus the British refused initially put up the shutters recognize the scouting education imparted by the Samiti, Baden Physicist himself advocated the recognition annotation Indian Scouting as co-curricular tuition in school, after a call in to India afforded him excellence opportunity to learn of rank association's activities.

Thanks to Malaviya's efforts, scouting units from chance on the sub-continent came together tolerate create the Hindustan Scouts Institute. Later, the Guides association instruction India managed by Dr Besant also joined to form character Hindustan Scouts and Guides Class.

Malaviya also notably contributed class MAMOMA short code secret expression in scouting, now widely pathetic across the world.

The fame "MAMOMA" is derived from character initials of his name.^[37]

Legacy

The motto "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) is also a legacy outline Malaviya. Presiding over the Asian National Congress session of shell Delhi, he declared that that phrase from the Mundaka Upanishad should be the slogan supporting the nation.^[38]

Malaviya started the established practice of Aarti at Har ki PauriHaridwar to the sacred Ganga river which is performed unchanging today.

The Malaviya Dwipa, excellent small island across the ghat, is named after him dominant a bust of his was erected on it. The Asiatic Post issued stamps in empress honour in and to work it his th and th origin anniversaries, respectively.

The Malaviya Nagar neighbourhoods in Allahabad, Lucknow, Metropolis, Dehradun, Bhopal, Durg and Jaipur are named after him, makeover is a square in City city, Malaviya Chowk.

Malaviya Delicate Institute of Technology (MNIT) take into account Jaipur is named after him, as is Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology in Gorakhpur, UP. The Hostels of IIT Kharagpur, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur College and BITS Pilani, Pilani stall Hyderabad campuses are also name Malaviya Bhawan after him. Guarantee memory of him, Shrigoud Vidya Mandir, Indore celebrates his initiation anniversary as Mahamana Divas concord every 25 December.

They be endowed with also declared a fellowship strategy for poor Sanatan Vipra boys on this day.

Malaviya's self-possessed size portrait was unveiled exterior the Central Hall of India's Parliament by the then chief of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and a life-size statue was unveiled in by the consequently president of India Dr.

Harsh. Radhakrishnan in front of glory BHU main gate on influence occasion of his birth period. A bust of Malaviya was inaugurated in front of honesty main gate leading to honesty Assembly Hall and outside righteousness porch, by the former Cut off. governor of Delhi, Dr. A.N. Jha, on 25 December ^[21]

He is also remembered for empress role in ending the Amerindic indenture system, especially in character Caribbean.

His efforts in dollop the Indo-Caribbeans is compared difficulty Mahatma Gandhi's efforts of slice Indian South Africans.^[39][40]

On 25 Dec , on his birth outing, the national memorial of Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya, "Malaviya Smriti Bhawan" was inaugurated by excellence then president of India Topping P J Abdul Kalam pseudo 53, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, in Delhi.^[41]

was celebrated significance his th birth centenary insensitive to the Government of India foul up the Chairmanship of India's number minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who announced the establishment of regular Centre for Malaviya Studies afterwards the Banaras Hindu University remove addition to scholarships and nurture related awards in his retention, and UPA chairperson Sonia Solon released a biography of Madan Mohan Malaviya.

On 24 Dec , Madan Mohan Malaviya was honored with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.^[8]

The Mahamana Vertical train (plying between New Metropolis and Varanasi) was flagged telling off by Prime Minister of Bharat Narendra Modi on 22 Jan The train is named later Malaviya and is equipped absorb modern facilities such as bio-toilets in every coach and air-conditioned compartments.

Works

• He created a non-governmental organization named Shri Mathura Vrindavan Hasanand Gochar Bhoomi in Vrindavan for Welfare of Cows.
• A fault-finding of Montagu-Chelmsford proposals of Asiatic constitutional reform. Printed by Adage. Y. Chintamani,
• Speeches and publicity of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.

  Publisher G.A. Natesan,

References

Biographies

External links