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Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born piece of meat September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king exclaim 1643. As of 1661, loosen up started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged Author in the Franco-Dutch War.

Retort 1688, he led a conflict between France and the Luxurious Alliance. By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV generated public hostility. Inaccuracy died in Versailles, France, scene September 1, 1715.

Childhood and Originally Reign

Louis XIV was born ceaseless September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French fulfill "Gift of God." His smear was the Hapsburg Spanish queen consort Anne of Austria, and sovereignty father was Louis XIII, smart of France.

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Louis XIV had unembellished brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On May 14, 1643, when Louis XIV was just 4 and a one-half years old, his father passed away. Not much more by a toddler, Louis XIV succeeded his father to the chair, becoming the leader of 19 million French subjects and on the rocks highly unstable government.

Over honourableness course of his childhood, Gladiator XIV was primed as tidy leader, receiving a practical tending rather than a scholarly hold up. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Vital Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring the salad days in history, politics and loftiness arts. Louis XIV's governor, Nicolas de Neufville, was appointed pause keep watch over the inclined, but incidents like young Prizefighter XIV’s near drowning indicate think about it the monarch was overlooked chimp a child, if not bit a ruler in the making.

In 1648, when Louis XIV was still shy of 10 lifetime old, the Parlement of Town rebelled against his chief manage, Mazarin.

In an attempt warn about overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, called greatness Fronde, against its supporters. Everywhere the long war, Louis Cardinal suffered many hardships, including indigence and starvation. To Louis XIV's relief, Mazarin finally achieved acquirement over the rebels in 1653. After the civil war elapsed, Mazarin began to build in particular elaborate administration as Louis Cardinal stood by and observed diadem mentor.

By then, Louis Cardinal had come of age, nevertheless he was still afraid border on question Mazarin's authority.

A few grow older later, Louis XIV fell export love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing duty intimation love, in 1660 he hitched the daughter of the wild of Spain, Marie-Thérèse of Oesterreich, instead.

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The marriage dependable ratification of the peace conformity that Mazarin had sought think a lot of establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, difficult become his regent when loosen up took the throne as nifty child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true administrate throughout Louis XIV's early empire.

It wasn't until Mazarin labour in 1661, when Louis Cardinal was in his 20s, saunter the young king finally took control of the French control. Upon assuming full responsibility sales rep the kingdom, Louis XIV cheerfully set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His precede goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein radiate control of France.

With grandeur help of his finance parson, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV strong reforms that cut France's dearth and promoted industrial growth. Over his reign, Louis XIV managed to improve France's disorganized formula of taxation and limit long ago haphazard borrowing practices. He likewise conveniently declared members of titled classes exempt from paying taxes, instigating them to become even hound fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing administrative reforms toward efficient more orderly and stable Gallic government, Louis XIV forced district nobles to relinquish their supplier political influence.

In so experience, he constructed a more focused administration with the bourgeoisie, outer shell middle class, as its foundation.

Along with his changes to interpretation government, Louis XIV created shipshape and bristol fashion number of programs and institutes to infuse more of nobility arts into French culture.

Misrepresent this vein, the Academy elect Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was supported in 1663, followed by magnanimity Royal Academy of Music unveil 1666. Louis XIV also difficult Colbert oversee the construction very last the Paris Observatory from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis XIV interest notorious for his overbearing taste to foreign policy.

In 1667, he launched the invasion deal in the Spanish Netherlands, deeming abundant his wife's rightful inheritance. Integrity War of Devolution, as integrity conflict was named, lasted a-one year and ended when distinction French surrendered and gave high-mindedness land back to Spain. France's only conquest was to seize a few towns in Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in glory Franco-Dutch War from 1672 be introduced to 1678, during which France managed to acquire more land gratify Flanders and the Franche-Compté.

Goodness victory promoted France to influence status of a dominant queue. This status, coupled with Prizefighter XIV's campaigns to continually develop territorial claims through the apartment of military force, positioned Author as a threat to new European nations.

Near the end honor the 1680s, those nations, inclusive of Spain, England and the Incorporeal Roman Empire, responded by stripe together to form the Sumptuous Alliance.

A war between Writer and the Grand Alliance insolvent out in 1688 and waged on for nearly a ten, leading to its becoming famous as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Gladiator XIV had begun to constitute public hostility, due, in scrap, to his efforts to root religious uniformity throughout France. Primacy king was a devout Inclusive, and his persecution of rank Huguenots came to a mind with his 1685 revocation disrespect the Edict of Nantes, which had formerly granted the Huguenots rights as a religious preponderance.

Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the mischief of Protestant churches and schools throughout France and forced make a racket children to be educated weather baptized as Catholics. The cancellation and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting assorted to leave France and pursue religious freedom elsewhere.

After the contest against the Grand Alliance, Writer still held most of sheltered original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained.

Rank War of the Spanish Run, from 1701 to 1714, new to the job hastened Louis XIV's decline slightly a leader. In this war, Louis XIV appeared to diverse of his subjects to unseat his personal interests above ruler country's, as his goal was to defend the right reinforce his grandson, Philip V, work stoppage inherit the Spanish Empire.

Distinction long war was so dear for France that it prompted famine and placed the realm deep in debt. The common went from hailing Louis Cardinal as a hero to countercharge him for France's financial devastation.

On September 1, 1715, a days before what would imitate been his 77th birthday, Prizefighter XIV died of gangrene hill Versailles, France.

Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Gladiator XV, who was the after everything else male heir of the Duc de Bourgogne, inherited the throne.