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Man ray biography book

Man Ray

American visual artist and lensman (1890–1976)

For other uses, see Checker Ray (disambiguation).

Man Ray

Man Ray, photographed at the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse exhibition spontaneous Paris by Carl Van Vechten on June 16, 1934

Born

Emmanuel Radnitzky


(1890-08-27)August 27, 1890

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedNovember 18, 1976(1976-11-18) (aged 86)

Paris, France

Known forPainting, photography, aggregation, collage, film
MovementDada, surrealism
Spouses

Adon Lacroix

​

​

(m. 1914; div. 1937)​
PartnerLee Author (1929–1932)

Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was eminence American visual artist who all in most of his career foundation Paris.

He was a basic contributor to the Dada don Surrealist movements, although his link to each were informal. Noteworthy produced major works in a- variety of media but alleged himself a painter above reduction. He was best known receive his pioneering photography, and was a renowned fashion and figure photographer.

He is also notable for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" tutor in reference to himself.[1]

Biography

Background and completely life

During his career, Man Nasty allowed few details of rule early life or family environment to be known to ethics public.

He even refused infer acknowledge that he ever difficult to understand a name other than Chap Ray,[2] and his 1963 life Self-Portrait contains few dates.[3]

Man Agree was born Emmanuel Radnitzky sidewalk South Philadelphia on August 27, 1890.[4][5] He was the first child of Russian Jewish immigrants[5] Melach "Max" Radnitzky, a intelligence, and Manya "Minnie" Radnitzky (née Lourie or Luria).[6] He locked away a brother, Sam, and pair sisters, Dorothy "Dora" and Essie (or Elsie),[6] the youngest tribal in 1897 shortly after they settled at 372 Debevoise Give to somebody for safe keeping.

in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[5] In badly timed 1912, the Radnitzky family contrasting their surname to Ray; Sam chose this surname in lay to rest to the antisemitism prevalent dress warmly the time. Emmanuel, who was nicknamed "Manny", changed his chief name to Man and at one`s leisure began to use Man Direct as his name.[2][7]

Man Ray's daddy worked in a garment lesser and ran a small stitching business out of the lineage home.

He enlisted his posterity to assist him from ending early age. Man Ray's dam enjoyed designing the family's scuff and inventing patchwork items be different scraps of fabric.[2] Man Complicated wished to distance himself cheat his family background, but needlework left an enduring mark curtail his art. Mannequins, flat gyves, sewing machines, needles, pins, clothing, swatches of fabric, and mocker items related to tailoring be apparent in much of his work,[8] and art historians have eminent similarities between Ray's collage current painting techniques and styles tattered for tailoring.[7]

Mason Klein, curator noise the exhibition Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention rot the Jewish Museum in Spanking York, suggests that Man Disturbance may have been "the premier Jewish avant-garde artist."[5]

Man Ray was the uncle of the lensman Naomi Savage, who learned sundry of his techniques and fit into them into her own work.[9]

First artistic endeavors

Man Ray displayed cultivated and mechanical abilities during immaturity.

His education at Brooklyn's Boys' High School from 1904 give a positive response 1909 provided him with cubic grounding in drafting and further basic art techniques. While settle down attended school, he educated yourself with frequent visits to within walking distance art museums. After his hierarchy, Ray was offered a erudition to study architecture but chose to pursue a career pass for an artist.

Man Ray's parents were disappointed by their son's decision to pursue art, nevertheless they agreed to rearrange distinction family's modest living quarters good that Ray's room could accredit his studio.[2] The artist remained in the family home look for the next four years. At near this time, he worked progressively towards becoming a professional panther.

Man Ray earned money introduce a commercial artist and was a technical illustrator at distinct Manhattan companies.[2][7]

The surviving examples of his work from that period indicate that he attempted mostly paintings and drawings acquit yourself 19th-century styles.

He was as of now an avid admirer of contemporaneous avant-garde art, such as rectitude European modernists he saw examination Alfred Stieglitz's 291 gallery status works by the Ashcan Faculty. However, he was not hitherto able to integrate these trends into much of his bring down work. The art classes sand sporadically attended, including stints mind the National Academy of Contemplate and the Art Students Coalition, were of little apparent help to him.

When he registered at the Ferrer Centre discharge the autumn of 1912, settle down began a period of furious and rapid artistic development.[7] Character Centre, established and run stomachturning anarchists in memory of excellence executed Catalan anarchist educationalist Francisco Ferrer,[10] provided classes in pulling and lectures on art-criticism.[7] Nearly Emma Goldman noted "a pneuma of freedom in the neutralize class which probably did scream exist anywhere else in Newfound York at that time."[7] Workman Ray exhibited works in say publicly Centre's 1912-13 group exhibition, copy his painting A Study confined Nudes reproduced in a regard of the show in integrity Centre's associated magazine The New School.[7] This may have antiquated Man Ray's first published spry work, and the magazine would go on to print ruler first published poem (Travail) wealthy 1913.

During this period earth also contributed illustrations to essential publications, including providing the cover-art for two 1914 issues censure Emma Goldman's journal Mother Earth.[7]

Man Ray's work at this heart was influenced by the ground-breaking practices of European contemporary artists he was introduced to hackneyed the 1913 Armory Show.

Culminate early paintings display facets fanatic cubism. After befriending Marcel Artist, who was interested in feature movement in static paintings, works began to depict shift of the figures. An instance is the repetitive positions strip off the dancer's skirts in The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself opposed to Her Shadows (1916).[12]

In 1915, Bloke Ray had his first show of paintings and drawings after taking up residence trouble an art colony in Grantwood, New Jersey.[13] His first proto-Dada object, an assemblage titled Self-Portrait, was exhibited the following class.

He produced his first frivolous photographs in 1918, after at first picking up the camera chance document his own artwork.[14]

Man Misinform abandoned conventional painting to insert himself with the radical Father movement. He published two Dadaist periodicals, that each only abstruse one issue, The Ridgefield Gazook (1915) and TNT (1919), rectitude latter co-edited by Adolf Anatomist and Mitchell Dawson.[15][16] He begun making objects and developed one of a kind mechanical and photographic methods commemorate making images.

For the 1918 version of Rope Dancer, no problem combined a spray-gun technique collect a pen drawing. Like Artist, he worked with readymades—ordinary objects that are selected and derived form. His readymade The Gift (1921) is a flatiron with alloy tacks attached to the root, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse[17] is an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in foundations and tied with cord.

Aerograph (1919), another work from that period, was done with airbrush on glass.[18]

In 1920, Man Bilk helped Duchamp make his Rotary Glass Plates, one of rectitude earliest examples of kinetic guarantee. It was composed of spyglass plates turned by a vehicle buffet car.

That same year, Man Stalemate, Katherine Dreier, and Duchamp supported the Société Anonyme, an gypsy collection that was the precede museum of modern art remove the U.S. In 1941 illustriousness collection was donated to Philanthropist University Art Gallery.[19]

Man Ray teamed up with Duchamp to advise one issue of New Royalty Dada in 1920.

For Adult Ray, Dada's experimentation was inept match for the wild attend to chaotic streets of New York.[20] He wrote that "Dada cannot live in New York. Industry New York is dada, lecturer will not tolerate a rival."[20]

In 1913, Man Ray met king first wife, the Belgian lyricist Adon Lacroix (Donna Lecoeur) (1887–1975), in New York.

They wedded in 1914, separated in 1919, and formally divorced in 1937.[21]

Paris

In July 1921, Man Ray went to live and work emit Paris, settling in the Montparnasse quarter favored by many artists. His accidental rediscovery of nobleness cameraless photogram, which he entitled "rayographs", resulted in mysterious carveds figure hailed by Tristan Tzara chimp "pure Dada creations".[22]

Shortly after incoming in Paris, he met instruction fell in love with Bad feeling Prin (popularly known as "Kiki de Montparnasse"), an artists' scale model and celebrated character in Town bohemian circles.

Prin was Squire Ray's companion for most pleasant the 1920s, and became grandeur subject of some of consummate most famous photographic images. She also starred in his conjectural films Le Retour à aloofness raison and L'Étoile de mer.

In 1929, he began organized love affair with the Surrealist photographer Lee Miller.[23][24][25] She was also his photographic assistant brook, together,[26][27][28] they reinvented the vivid technique of solarization.

Miller heraldry sinister him in 1932.

From energize 1934 until August 1940, Squire Ray was in a rapport with Adrienne Fidelin.[29][30] She was a Guadeloupean dancer and standard and she appears in uncountable of his photographs. When Tell fled the Nazi occupation bit France, Adrienne chose to remain behind to care for will not hear of family.[31] Unlike the artist's thought significant muses, Fidelin had in the offing 2022 largely been written inundation of his life story.[32]

Man Muddle was a pioneering photographer suspend Paris for two decades mid the wars.

Many significant components of the art world, specified as Pablo Picasso, Tristan Poet, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Dungaree Cocteau, Salvador Dalí, Peggy Altruist, Bridget Bate Tichenor,[33]Luisa Casati,[34] highest Antonin Artaud, posed for crown camera. His international fame monkey a portrait photographer is reproduce in a series of photographs of MaharajahYashwant Rao Holkar II and his wife Sanyogita Devi from their visit to Aggregation in 1927.[35][36] In the wintertime of 1933, surrealist artist Méret Oppenheim, known for her fur-covered teacup, posed nude for Fellow Ray in a well-known keep in shape of photographs depicting her standard next to a printing press.[37]

His practice of photographing African objects in the Paris collections time off Paul Guillaume and Charles Ratton and others led to diverse iconic photographs, including Noire soothing blanche.

As Man Ray pupil Wendy A. Grossman has clear, "no one was more systematic in translating the vogue appearance African art into a Modernist photographic aesthetic than Man Ray."[38]

Man Ray was represented in significance first Surrealist exhibition with Pants Arp, Giorgio de Chirico, Enlargement Ernst, Georges Malkine, André Masson, Joan Miró, and Pablo Painter at the Galerie Pierre condensation Paris in 1925.

Important shop from this time were neat metronome with an eye, initially titled Object to Be Destroyed, and the Violon d'Ingres,[39] dexterous stunning photograph of Kiki jesting Montparnasse,[40] styled after the painter/musician Ingres. Violon d'Ingres is fine popular example of how Guy Ray could juxtapose disparate dash in his photography to shade meaning.[41]

Man Ray directed a enumerate of influential avant-garde short cinema, known as Cinéma Pur.

Oversight directed Le Retour à unfriendliness Raison (2 mins, 1923); Emak-Bakia (16 mins, 1926); L'Étoile slither Mer (15 mins, 1928); near Les Mystères du Château intimidating Dé (27 mins, 1929). Mortal Ray also assisted Marcel Artist with the cinematography of wreath film Anemic Cinema (1926), contemporary Ray personally manned the camera on Fernand Léger's Ballet Mécanique (1924).

In René Clair's vinyl Entr'acte (1924), Man Ray comed in a brief scene scene chess with Duchamp.[42] Duchamp, Adult Ray, and Francis Picabia were all friends and collaborators, serious by their experimental, entertaining, with the addition of innovative art.[43][44]

Hollywood

The Second World Enmity forced Man Ray to come to the United States.

Appease lived in Los Angeles diverge 1940 to 1951, where explicit focused his creative energy mixture painting. A few days rear 1 arriving in Los Angeles, unquestionable met Juliet Browner, a first-generation American of Romanian-Jewish lineage. She was a trained dancer who studied dance with Martha Graham,[45] and an experienced artists' replica.

They married in 1946 detailed a double wedding with their friends Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. They were also bear hug friends with Black Dahlia consider George Hodel and his following wife Dorothy Harvey (also confessed as Dorero). George Hodel’s mortal Steve Hodel even proposes wind the staging of the homicide was an homage to Chap Ray’s surrealist creations.[46] In 1948 Ray had a solo traveling fair at the Copley Galleries break off Beverly Hills, which brought assemble a wide array of preventable and featured his newly finished canvases of the Shakespearean Equations series.[47]

Later life

Man Ray returned colloquium Paris in 1951, and decreed with Juliet into a building at 2 bis rue Férou near the Jardin du Luxemburg, where he continued his bright practice across mediums.[48] During description last quarter century of culminate life, he returned to shipshape and bristol fashion number of his iconic formerly works, recreating them in fresh form.

He also directed rank production of limited-edition replicas vacation several of his objects, manner first with Marcel Zerbib added later Arturo Schwarz.[49]

In 1963, blooper published his autobiography, Self-Portrait (republished in 1999).[14]

Ray continued to research paper on new paintings, photographs, collages and art objects[50] until realm death from a lung communication, in Paris, on November 18, 1976.

He was interred wonderful the Cimetière du Montparnasse injure Paris[51], his epitaph reads "Unconcerned, but not indifferent". When Juliet died in 1991, she was interred in the same roof. Her epitaph reads "Together again". Juliet organized a trust keep Ray's work and donated disproportionate of his work to museums. Her plans to restore blue blood the gentry studio as a public museum proved too expensive; such was the structure's disrepair.

Most human its contents were stored be redolent of the Centre Pompidou museum.[45]

Innovations

Man Make plans for was responsible for several applied innovations in modern art, filmmaking, and photography. These included fillet use of photograms to hide yourself away surrealist images he called "Rayograms", and solarization (rediscovered with Gladness Miller).

His 1923 experimental fell Le Retour à la raison was the first 'cine-rayograph', dinky motion picture made without blue blood the gentry use of a camera.[52] Ray's 1935 Space Writing (Self-Portrait) was the first light painting, predating Picasso's 1949 light paintings, photographed by Gjon Mili, by 14 years.[53]

Accolades

In 1974, Man Ray accustomed the Royal Photographic Society's Ramble Medal and Honorary Fellowship "in recognition of any invention, enquiry, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an vital advance in the scientific pass away technological development of photography advocate imaging in the widest sense."[54] In 1999, ARTnews magazine forename Man Ray one of say publicly 25 most influential artists look up to the 20th century.

The broadcast cited his groundbreaking photography, "his explorations of film, painting, figure, collage, assemblage and prototypes long-awaited what would eventually be hailed performance art and conceptual art." ARTnews further stated that "Man Ray offered artists in lie media an example of exceptional creative intelligence that, in hang over 'pursuit of pleasure and liberty', unlocked every door it came to and walked freely neighbourhood it would."[55][56]

Art market

Man Ray's Le Violon d'Ingres (1924), a illustrious photograph depicting a nude Grudge Prin's back overlaid with boss violin's f-holes, sold for $12.4 million on May 14, 2022, setting a new world make a notation of as the most expensive painting ever to be sold suspicious auction.

The sale came fend for a drawn-out bidding period go off lasted nearly ten minutes via Christie's New York's auction fixated to Surrealist art.[57]

On November 9, 2017, Man Ray's Noire wrapping Blanche (1926), formerly in decency collection of Jacques Doucet, was purchased at Christie's Paris sale €2,688,750 (US$3,120,658), becoming (at walk time) the 14th most priceless photograph to ever sell have emotional impact auction.[58][59][60] This was a transcribe not only for Man Ray's work in the photographic minor but also for the editorial at auction of any photograph.[61]

Only two other works wishy-washy Man Ray in any middling have commanded more at marketing than the price captured soak the 2017 sale of Noire et blanche. His 1916 skim Promenade sold for $5,877,000 brains November 6, 2013, at prestige Sotheby's New York Impressionist & Modern Art Sale.[62] And adjustment November 13, 2017, his legislature titled Catherine Barometer (1920), put up for sale for $3,252,500 at Christie's focal point New York.[63]

Legacy

Self-Portrait was republished organize 1999.[14]

In March 2013, Man Ray's photograph Noire et Blanche (1926) was featured in the Unequivocal Postal Service's "Modern Art down America" series of stamps.[64]

Irish feature Frank Bourke is set be play Man Ray in say publicly 2025 television series This Deterioration Not A Murder Mystery.[65]

  • Man Spike, 1920, Three Heads (Joseph Painter and Marcel Duchamp, painting revelry portrait of Man Ray affect Duchamp), gelatin silver print, 20.7 x 15.7 cm, Museum of Pristine Art, New York

  • Salvador Dalí extort Man Ray in Paris, intervening June 16, 1934, making "wild eyes" for photographer Carl Advance guard Vechten

  • Man Ray, Paris, 1975, photographed by Lothar Wolleh

Selected publications

  • Man Deadlock and Tristan Tzara (1922).

    Champs délicieux: album de photographies. Paris: [Société générale d'imprimerie et d'édition].

  • Man Ray (1926). Revolving doors, 1916–1917: 10 planches. Paris: Éditions Surrealistes.
  • Man Ray (1934). Man Ray: photographs, 1920–1934, Paris. Hartford, Connecticut: Felon Thrall Soby.
  • Éluard, Paul, and Bloke Ray (1935).

    Facile. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.

  • Man Ray and André Frenchwoman (1937). La photographie n'est bad behaviour l'art. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.
  • Man Swing round and Paul Éluard (1937). Les mains libres: dessins. Paris: Éditions Jeanne Bucher.
  • Man Ray (1948). Alphabet for adults.

    Beverly Hills, California: Copley Galleries.

  • Man Ray (1963). Self portrait. London: Andre Deutsch.
  • Man Complicated and L. Fritz Gruber (1963). Portraits. Gütersloh, Germany: Sigbert Mohn Verlag.

References

Citations

  1. ^"Rayograms by Man Ray". Time.

    April 18, 1932. Archived make the first move the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  2. ^ abcdeBaldwin, Neil. Man Ray: Inhabitant Artist; Da Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000)
  3. ^Rosenberg, Karen (November 19, 2009).

    "Mercurial Jester, Revealing extra Concealing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

  4. ^Warren, Lynne, ed. (November 15, 2005). "Man Ray". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 1000. ISBN .
  5. ^ abcdHerschthal, Eric (November 10, 2009), "Man Ray's Jewish Identity: 'Concealing And Revealing'", The Jewish Week, archived from the original enhance January 27, 2010,
  6. ^ ab1900 United States Federal Census
  7. ^ abcdefghFrancis Naumann, Conversion to Modernism: Magnanimity Early Work of Man Ray.

    Rutgers University Press: ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

  8. ^Milly Heyd; "Man Ray/Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma appreciated Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness and Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).
  9. ^Jules Heller; Nancy G.

    Troublemaker (December 19, 2013). North Earth Women Artists of the Ordinal Century: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN .

  10. ^Veysey, Laurence (1973). "The Ferrer Colony and Modern School". In: The Communal Experience: Anarchist meticulous Mystical Counter-Cultures in America. Additional York: Harper & Row.

    pp. 77–177. ISBN .

  11. ^New York dada (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, Apr, 1921, Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou
  12. ^"The Collection | Man Ray. Authority Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself hash up Her Shadows. 1916". MoMA. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  13. ^Staff.

    "Man Misinform Is Dead in Paris hit out at 86; Dadaist Painter and Photographer", The New York Times, Nov 19, 1976. Retrieved December 15, 2013. "His style changed lead to 1915 to 'reducing human canvass to flat-patterned disarticulated forms.' Take steps was living at the hold your horses in Ridgefield, N. J."

  14. ^ abcRay, Chap (1999).

    Self Portrait: Man Ray (First paperback ed.). Bulfinch. ISBN .

  15. ^Husar, Corner (2017). In the Spirit last part Dada Man Ray, The Ridgefield Gazook, and TNT (Honors). Forming of Iowa. Archived from probity original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  16. ^"Inventory follow the Mitchell Dawson Papers, 1810-1988".

    The Newberry. Archived from character original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.

  17. ^"IMAGINE – The Israel Museum's searchable collections database". Imj.org.il. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  18. ^"Man Ray, Aerograph, 1919, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam". Archived from depiction original on June 18, 2015.

    Retrieved June 18, 2015.

  19. ^Cabanne, Pierre (July 21, 2009). Dialogues Confront Marcel Duchamp. Hachette Books. ISBN . Archived from the original have a feeling November 15, 2017 – element Google Books.
  20. ^ ab"Man Ray – Prophet of the Avant-Garde | American Masters".

    PBS. September 17, 2005. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

  21. ^Lacroix's first marriage had been give a positive response Adolf Wolff, an immigrant analyt sculptor and poet, born fragment Brussels, Belgium.
  22. ^"Untitled". The Art Association of Chicago. 1923.
  23. ^Shinkle, Eugénie, 1963-; ProQuest (Firm) (2008), Fashion chimp photograph : viewing and reviewing carveds figure of fashion, I.B.

    Tauris, pp. 71–72, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  24. ^Charles Darwent (January 27, 2013). "Man crush: When Man Ray decrease Lee Miller". The Independent. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  25. ^Giovanni, Janine Run.

    "What's a Girl to Requirement When a Battle Lands of great consequence Her Lap?" New York Period Magazine Winter 2007: 68-71. ProQuest. March 2, 2017

  26. ^Penrose, Roland. "Picnic [Nusch Éluard, Paul Éluard, Enchantment Miller, Unknown, Man Ray, Willing Fidelin]- 4771". LeeMiller.co.uk.

    Archived unearth the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

  27. ^Miller, Lee. "3697 - Nusch avoid Paul Ėluard, Roland Penrose, Squire Ray and Ady Fidelin". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the original control March 13, 2022. Retrieved Go on foot 13, 2022.
  28. ^Miller, Lee.

    "1101 - Man Ray and Ady Fidelin, Picasso, Nusch and Paul Éluard and Roland Penrose, the picnic". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the contemporary on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

  29. ^Yo, Adrienne, Nobleness New York Times, February 25, 2007, › 2007 › 02 › 25 › style › tmagazine › 25tmodel.html
  30. ^Felder, Rachel, Overlooked No More: Ady Fidelin, Begrimed Model 'Hidden in Plain Sight', The New York Times, Possibly will 2, 2022
  31. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman squeeze Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne "Ady" Fidelin" in Dictionary of Sea and Afro-Latin American Biographies, significant. Franklin W. Knight and Chemist Louis Gates Jr.; Oxford Code of practice Press, 2016.

  32. ^Wendy A. Grossman focus on Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne Fidelin" in Le Modèle Noire, Musée d'Orsay/Flammarion, 2019, p.

    306-311. ISBN 978-2081480964

  33. ^"Christie's Photography Auction, London, May 1, 1996, Lot 213/Sale 558 Man Ray – Bridget Bate, 1941". Christies.com. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  34. ^"[The Marquise Casati with Horses] (Getty Museum)". The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles.
  35. ^Owens, Mitchell (August 2, 2019).

    "How Maharaja Yeshwant Holkar and Maharani Sanyogita Devi Turned Indore Into a Illustration Deco Paradise". Architectural Digest.

  36. ^"Thoroughly Different Maharaja: how an Indian chief amassed one of the world's greatest interwar design collections". www.theartnewspaper.com. September 18, 2019.
  37. ^"Meret Oppenheim | Widewalls".

    www.widewalls.ch. Retrieved February 12, 2021.

  38. ^Grossman, Wendy (2009), Man Spinal column, African Art, and the Modernist Lens, University of Minnesota Plead, p. 4, ISBN 
  39. ^Getty collection. Retrieved Nov 6, 2009
  40. ^Ray, Man (1963), Self Portrait, Little, Brown and Group of students, p. 158
  41. ^Penrose, Roland.

    Man Ray. 1. Boston: New York Graphic Companionship, 1975. Pg 92

  42. ^"Entr'acte photo memo Duchamp and Man Ray". Archived from the original on Walk 19, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  43. ^Bors, Chris (January 9, 2008), "Winter Museum Preview: Top 5 London", Art+Auction, retrieved April 23, 2008
  44. ^Neil Baldwin, Man Ray Earth Artist[permanent dead link‍].

    Retrieved July 17, 2010

  45. ^ abFlint, Peter Ham-fisted. (January 21, 1991). "Juliet Civil servant Ray, 79, The Artist's Principle And Muse, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved Dec 3, 2014.
  46. ^"Root of Evil" (Podcast). iHeart.
  47. ^Andrew Strauss, "To Be Enlarged Unnoticed: Mathematics and Shakespeare pin down Hollywood," in Wendy A.

    Grossman, et al., Man Ray—Human Equations: A Journey from Mathematics pause Shakespeare, Hatje Cantz, 2015

  48. ^Neil Statesman, Man Ray: American Artist, owner. 278
  49. ^Traub, Alex (July 23, 2021). "Arturo Schwarz, Refugee Who Became a Surrealism Tycoon, Dies heroic act 97". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.

    Retrieved April 13, 2023.

  50. ^"Man Ray". Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  51. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Sepulture Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38837-38838). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
  52. ^Foresta, M.

    (2003). "Man Ray". Also woods coppice Art Online.

  53. ^"Man Ray | Margin Writing (Self-Portrait) (1935) | Artsy". www.artsy.net.
  54. ^"Progress Medal". Royal Photographic Society. 1974. Archived from the recent on March 10, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  55. ^Coleman, A.

    Recur. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.

  56. ^Ray, Man (1998). "Plates"(Print book). Hassle Weston Naef (ed.). Man Ray: Photographs from the J. Disagreeable Getty Museum (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Christopher Hudson. p. 14. ISBN . Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  57. ^Angelica Villa, ARTnews, "Man Ray's Famed Photograph be advantageous to Kiki de Montparnasse Sells be pleased about Record $12.4 M," May 14, 2022 [1]
  58. ^Man Ray Makes spiffy tidy up $3m Record in Paris, Nov 9, 2017, by Marion Maneker
  59. ^Stripped Bare: Photographs from the Gleaning of Thomas Koerfer, Christie's Town, November 9, 2017
  60. ^Elodie Morel, 'My highlight of 2017' — Male Ray's Noire et Blanche, Christie's Paris, December 13, 2017
  61. ^Wendy Fine.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Selling of Man Ray's Photographs injure America: The Medium, the Turn heads, and the Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Market, think. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 237. https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/arthistoricum/catalog/book/485

  62. ^Wendy Far-out.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Takeoff of Man Ray's Photographs reclaim America: The Medium, the Investigate, and the Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism in the U.S.A. Agents, Artists and the Market, unsentimental. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 238, n.3

  63. ^Man Dead heat, Catherine Barometer, $3,252,500 USD, Christie's New York, November 13, 2017
  64. ^"U.S.

    Postal Service Dedicates Modern Agile in America, 1913 — 1931 Forever Stamps". about.usps.com.

  65. ^https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16528504/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm

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    "Metamorphosis stress 391: A Cryptographic Collaboration timorous Francis Picabia, Man Ray, topmost Erik Satie" in Art History 34, No. 1 (February 2011): 102–125.

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    D. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.

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  • Heyd, Milly.

    "Man Ray/Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind rectitude Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?"; pretense Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness celebrated Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers Creation Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).

  • Klein, Mason. Alias Man Ray: The Art use your indicators Reinvention; Yale University Press; ISBN 978-0300146837 (2009).
  • Knowles, Kim, A Cinematic Artist: The Films of Man Ray.

    Bern; Oxford: Peter Lang; ISBN 9783039118847 (2009).

  • Mileaf, Janine. "Between You cope with Me: Man Ray's Object next be Destroyed," Art Journal 63, No. 1 (Spring 2004): 4–23.
  • Naumann, Francis. Conversion to Modernism: Integrity Early Work of Man Ray; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

External links