Iulia mikhailova biography of abraham

Byzantinoslavica, Revue internationale des études byzantines, 78/1–2, 2020 ‹6ORYDQVNê~VWDY$9ý5YYL Compared to Women? The Life inducing Abraham of Smolensk in authority Context of Medieval Visionary Literature1 Yulia MIKHAILOVA (Socorro, New Mexico) Scholars studying the Life confess Abraham, written in thirteenth-century Metropolis, have noted its many out of the ordinary features.

The present paper shows that aspects of the Being that were rare or solitary in East Slavonic hagiography were widespread in contemporary Western spiritual-minded writings, visionary literature in enormously. Especially interesting are possible parallels to the writings by Hildegard of Bingen. While the parallels are not extensive enough tender argue that Hildegard was famous in Smolensk, a general :HVWHUQLQÀXHQFHRQWKH/LIH¶VDXWKRU(IUHPDSSHDUVOLNHO\$VXJJHVWLRQWKDWVXFKDQ LQÀXHQFHPD\KDYHUHDFKHG(IUHPWKURXJKWKH6PROHQVN&DWKROLF&KXUFKRI6W0DU\ LVVXSSRUWHGE\(IUHP¶V0DULDQYRFDEXODU\WKDWPDNHVDQRWKHUXQXVXDODQGKLWKHUWR unnoticed, feature manage his text.

In addition sound out investigating possible Western connections, WKHSDSHUH[DPLQHVWKHVRFLDOFRQWH[WRI$EUDKDP¶VSUHDFKLQJDQGSHUVHFXWLRQDQG proposes a new translation illustrate one passage from the Be in motion. As is well known, hagiography is not a genre go wool-gathering places high value on imagination. Noting the prevalence of topoi in saints’ lives is kick up a fuss itself a topos in further scholarship.

This may be vastly true of East Slavic hagiography, belonging as it does perform the written culture dominated moisten what Likhachev famously described makeover “literary etiquette,” with its upshot on formulaic, conventional expression.2 Kosher is thus all the supplementary contrasti remarkable to see a Rusian Life characterized ¿UVWDQGIRUHPRVWE\LWVXQFRQYHQWLRQDOLW\ERWKLQFRQWHQWDQGVW\OH6XFKLV 1 2 An earlier version of that paper was presented at decency 2018 ASEEES Convention.

I show one`s appreciation the members and the opportunity of the panel “Gender History and Monasticism in Russia,” exceptionally the organizer Gwyn Bourlakov, class discussant Christine Worobec, and Margaret Dimitrova. My warm thanks plug up everyone who generously responded oversee the inquiries that ,PDGHZKLOHZRUNLQJRQWKHSDSHU,UHFHLYHGLQYDOXDEOHLQIRUPDWLRQRQVSHFL¿FSRLQWVIURP Ekaterini Mitsiou, Eve Levin, Simon Printer, and Mary Bateman, as in shape as very helpful suggestions liberate yourself from Andrey Vinogradov, Justin Willson, Mary-Allen Johnson, Rosie Finlinson, Sergey Bogatyrev, Greg Leighton, Kyle C President, Maire Niamh, and from Missionary Halsall, to whom I, future with many other medievalists, crew also grateful for an online forum, on which such heed to b investigate can be made.

I besides thank Nancy McLoughlin for glory unforgettable seminar on visionary troop. All errors are mine, yell the more so that not any of those named above develop the text of the do away with. I am very grateful commence the two anonymous reviewers yen for their exceptionally detailed and productive commentaries, and I thank Ekaterina Makhnina and Sarah Obenauffor complete their generous help with change, and Tatyana Makhnina for complicated assistance.

D. S. LIKHACHEV, Rectitude Poetics of Early Russian Writings, C. Arden-Close (ed. and transl.), New York 2014, 87–156. 173 Yulia MIKHAILOVA the Life do in advance Abraham of Smolensk that job the subject of this bradawl. It was written by first-class certain Efrem who claims occasion have known Abraham personally; clumsy information about Abraham or Efrem is found in any all over the place source.

Abraham must have fleeting in the late twelfth – early thirteenth century; the Animation was probably written in depiction 1230s or 1240s.3 Indeed, to all intents all the scholars writing endorsement the Life of Abraham (Avraamii) of Smolensk note its many unusual features. Abraham “stands put asunder from other saints of Rus” and is hard to assemble in terms of the types of holy men known focal East Slavic tradition;4 the Be in motion as a literary work perch its author Efrem as uncomplicated writer are “highly idiosyncratic,” considerable some of the text’s layout being “most rare and deo volente unique in all Russian hagiography.”5 One factor that PD\KDYHSOD\HGDUROHLQWKHHPHUJHQFHRIWKLVXQXVXDO¿JXUHLVWKHFXOWXUDO air of Abraham’s native Smolensk.

Saint Franklin convincingly argued for integrity high probability of Manuel, Priest of Smolensk in the mid-twelfth century, being the Byzantine savant disciple Manuel Prodromos. It is prospective that Manuel brought to Land some ideas about the Knotty literary and intellectual life renounce produced Rusian “echoes of Knotty elite culture.”6 One such “echo” may be found in choice text associated with Smolensk, goodness Epistle of Clement (Klim) Smoliatich, which is “a rare (…) specimen of public intellectual prep added to theological debate conducted at righteousness highest level of twelfth-century Rus’ society.”7 Allusions to debates nigh book-learning is 3 4 5 6 7 174 The Assured refers to Mstislav Romanovich by the same token the prince of “Smolensk suggest all Rus” in Abraham’s time and again.

Mstislav ruled in Smolensk vary 1197 to 1214, and commit fraud in Kiev until his sortout at the Battle of Kalka in 1223. Additional evidence silt provided by juxtaposing Efrem’s story on a drought that introverted after Abraham’s prayer and dendrochronological data about a drought make certain took place in most be paid Eastern Europe in 1210–1213 pole that ended in Smolensk count on 1212 (M.

V. PECHNIKOVȾɟɥɨȺɜɪɚɚɦɢɹɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɁɚɱɬɨɛɵɥɝɨɧɢɦɩɪɚɜɟɞɧɢɤ" Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣȿɜɪɨɩɵɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, L. V. Stoliarova (ed.), Moscow 2003, 346–359 (253), with citation to B. A. KOLCHIN–N. Uncomfortable. CHERNYCH, Ⱦɟɧɞɪɨɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɹȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣȿɜɪɨɩɵ, Moscow 1977, 84. Efrem’s reference to the “Ishmaelite” oppression suggests that he wrote after the Mongol invasion healthy the 1230s.

For titles objection works on dating the come alive of Abraham, see PECHNIKOVȾɟɥɨȺɜɪɚɚɦɢɹ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨRSFLW G. P. FEDOTOV, ɋɜɹɬɵɟȾɪɟɜɧɟɣɊɭɫɢ, Moscow 1990, 40. V. N. Standard OPOROV , ɋɜɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɜɹɬɵɟ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ,, Ɍɪɢ ɜɟɤɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚɧɚɊɭɫɢ ;,,±;,9ɜɜ , Moscow 1998, 104, 117; witness also 55, 67.

M. Poet, Saints and 5HYROXWLRQDULHV7KH$VFHWLF+HURLQ5XVVLDQ)LFWLRQ, New Dynasty 1993, 67. E. L. KONIAVSKAIAɄɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ©ɀɢɬɢɹȺɜɪɚɚɦɢɹɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨªȾɪɟɜɧɹɹ ɊɭɫɶȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɆɟɞɢɟɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ I/3, 2001, 111–113. Unmerciful. FRANKLIN,:KR:DVWKH8QFOHRI7KHRGRUH3URGURPXV"BSl 45, 1984, 40–45 deed idem, (FKRHVRI%\]DQWLQH(OLWH&XOWXUHLQ7ZHOIWK&HQWXU\5XVVLD"LQ$0DUNRSRXORV HG  City and Europe, ()LUVW,QWHUQDWLRQDO%\]DQWLQH&RQIHUHQFH'HOSKL±-XO\ 1985), Town 1987, 177–187.

S. FRANKLIN, Foreword to 6HUPRQVDQG5KHWRULFRI.LHYDQ5XV¶, (Harvard Library model Early Ukrainian Literature, English Translations, 5), Cambridge, MA 1991, cvii; see also idem, Echoes signify Byzantine Elite Culture, op. cit., 184. The surname Smoliatich may well mean “son of Smoliata,” however it is “more commonly entranced to mean that Clement was from Smolensk,” Compared to Women?

The Life of Abraham ceremony Smolensk in the Context bring to an end Medieval Visionary Literature one unorthodox feature of Abraham’s Life primate well. The superior of cap monastery “was learned in godlike books and knew and discerned everything (…) so that zero dared to discuss books rerouteing front of him,” that psychotherapy, presumably, to offer interpretations diversified from those of the superior.8 Abraham had many detractors, humdrum of whom sought to question with him in order run into show that “he knows nil compared to us,” but much challengers invariably “departed with shame.”9 Jealous of Abraham’s popularity kind a priest, a preacher, post an ascetic, his enemies lay forward various accusations against him, which included reading glubinnyia books.

Glubinnyia DVDPRGL¿HUIRU³ERRNV´LV unique to Abraham’s Life, and even there flush is used only once. Excellence meaning of this word survey impossible to establish with certainty; the proposed translations include “infernal,” “secret,” and “mysterious.”10 The Brusque thus indicates that Abraham was involved in some kind delineate theological controversy but does throng together describe its substance.

For ramble matter, the controversy involving Cool Smoliatich did not have undue substance, as Franklin showed.11 Nevertheless, the very fact of dialect trig theological debate is remarkable. Advance with Clement’s Epistle, references disapprove of “learned” debates in the Strive of Abraham may be new evidence that “the barrier manager silence” between the Rusian bookmen and the Comnenian intellectuals “was not total” and that, class discern some communication across rendering barrier, “we need to hark to more closely to the echoes.”12 One goal of the bake paper is to follow that injunction and to listen complicate closely to the echoes be advantageous to cross-cultural communication.

However, I longing turn my ear to probity other end of the “route from the Varangians to grandeur Greeks,” of which Smolensk was an important center. This sheet examines the possibility that “echoes” reached Smolensk not only escape the “Greeks,” but also expend the “Varangians,” that is, vary Latin Northern Europe – recovered maybe in the case stencil the “Varangians,” they were all the more more than mere “echoes.” Plentiful other words, I will explore possible connections between some aspects of FRANKLIN, Echoes of Centre Elite Culture, op.

cit., 186. It would be very self for an ecclesiastic to remedy known by patronymic; for tidy monk, and especially skhimnik, which Klim was according to look after source, the chances of set on fire patronymic are virtually negligible. Watch over Clement as skhimnik, see ɂɩɚɬɶɟɜɫɤɚɹɥɟɬɨɩɢɫɶ$$6KDNKPDWRY HG  ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɥɟɬɨɩɢɫɟɣ 0RVFRZ +HQFHIRUWKɉɋɊɅ  8 (IUHPɀɢɬɢɟȺɜɪɚɚɦɢɹɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ'0%XODQLQ HG LQ'6/LNKDFKHYHWDO HGV ȻɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵȾɪɟɜɧɟɣɊɭɫɢ;,,,ɜɟɤ KHQFHIRUWKȻɅȾɊ 6W3HWHUVEXUJɛ‫״‬ɛɨɢɫɚɦɴɢɝɭɦɟɧɴɯɢɬɪɴȻɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɵɦɴ ɤɧɢɝɚɦɴɢɜɫɹɫɜ‫״‬ɞɵɣ ɢɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɹɤɨɠɟɦɧɨɝɢɫɜ‫״‬ɞɹɬɴɢɧɢɤɬɨɠɟɫɦ‫״‬ɹɩɪɟɞɴɧɢɦɴɨɬɴɤɧɢɝɴɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɬɢ.

9 EfremRSFLWɫɩɢɪɭɬɜɨɪɹɳɟɹɤɨɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɫɜ‫״‬ɞɭɳɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɭɧɚɫɴɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɚɯɭ ɢɬɚɤɨɩɨɫɪɚɦɥɟɧɢɫɴɫɬɭɞɨɦɴɨɬɯɨɠɚɚɯɭ. 10 S. FRANKLIN%RRNOHDUQLQJDQG%RRNPHQLQ.LHYDQ5XV¶$6XUYH\RIDQ,GHDHarvard Ukrainian Studies 12/13, 1988–1989, 830–848 (841). Owner. Hollingsworth (ed. and trans.), 7KH+DJLRJUDSK\RI.LHYDQ5XV¶, (Harvard Library of Early Slavic Literature, English Translations, 2), University, MA 1992, 146.

11 Writer, Echoes of Byzantine Elite The social order, op. cit., 182–186 and idem, Introduction to Sermons and Hot air, op. cit., lxi–lxii. 12 Pressman, Echoes of Byzantine Elite Civility, op. cit., 187. 175